螺旋度在對(duì)流天氣預(yù)報(bào)中的應(yīng)用研究進(jìn)展
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P458 P456

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Progress in Researches on Application of Helicity to Convective Weather Prediction
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    摘要:

    螺旋度表征流體旋轉(zhuǎn)與沿旋轉(zhuǎn)方向運(yùn)動(dòng)的強(qiáng)度,在等熵流體中具有守恒性。螺旋性是維持大氣運(yùn)動(dòng)的基本物理圖案:邊界層流體、湍流、強(qiáng)風(fēng)暴、熱帶氣旋等都有較強(qiáng)的螺旋結(jié)構(gòu);對(duì)流風(fēng)暴常發(fā)生在螺旋度值大的地方,流體穩(wěn)定性與螺旋度密切相關(guān),高螺旋度阻礙了擾動(dòng)能量串級(jí),對(duì)超級(jí)單體風(fēng)暴的維持有重要作用;z螺旋度對(duì)大范圍暴雨有較好的指示意義。風(fēng)暴相對(duì)螺旋度對(duì)決定對(duì)流風(fēng)暴類(lèi)型有重要作用,其大小決定超級(jí)單體是否能形成中氣旋,同時(shí),其對(duì)冰雹預(yù)報(bào)有一定的指示意義;風(fēng)暴相對(duì)螺旋度用于預(yù)報(bào)時(shí)計(jì)算的難點(diǎn)在于確定預(yù)報(bào)風(fēng)暴移動(dòng)速度。熱力場(chǎng)與螺旋度有內(nèi)在聯(lián)系,地面相對(duì)螺旋度可視為地轉(zhuǎn)風(fēng)或?qū)嶋H風(fēng)引起溫度平流的一個(gè)量度。

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    Helicity denotes the conjunct intensity of rotation and the movement along the rotation, and it is conservative in isentropic fluid. Helicity is the basic physical pattern for the maintenance of atmospheric activities. Boundary layer fluids, turbulences, severe storms and tropical cyclones are highly helical in their structures. Severe storms often occur in highly helical environments. The stability of fluid is closely associated with helicity. High helicity prevents transient energy from leaping to other energy classes, thus has great importance for the maintenance of supercell. Z-helicity is a good indicator of heavy rainfall. The relative helicity of a storm has great importance in the evolution of the storm. The occurrence of a meso-cyclone is highly depended on the value of helicity. The relative helicity of a storm is also a good indicator of hail occurrence. It is difficult for the application of relative storm helicity in predicting storms for the uncertainty of storm velocity. There exists inherent relationship between atmospheric temperature and helicity, and the surface relative helicity can be used to measure the temperature advection caused by geostrophic flow.

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李耀東 劉健文 高守亭.螺旋度在對(duì)流天氣預(yù)報(bào)中的應(yīng)用研究進(jìn)展[J].氣象科技,2005,33(1):7~

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