There are some inevitable interferences in the polar orbit meteorological satellites link budget, among which rainfall attenuation plays a vital role. On the basis of communication link design theory, a rainfall attenuation simulation model is presented. Through MATLAB simulation for national polar orbit meteorological satellite receiving ground stations, the factors influencing rainfall attenuation are discussed, such as rainfall intensity, antenna elevation, frequency, and polarization angle. The results can be used as references in solving the problems about the communication link and the design of ground data receiving system.