北京“7〖DK〗·21”特大暴雨過(guò)程時(shí)空特征解析
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國(guó)家公益性行業(yè)專項(xiàng)(GYHY201206012,GYHY201206031)資助


Spatial and Temporal Characteristics of a Summer Rainstorm in 2012 in Beijing
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    摘要:

    利用高密度自動(dòng)站觀測(cè)記錄和長(zhǎng)序列氣象站觀測(cè)資料,對(duì)2012年7月21日北京地區(qū)特大暴雨過(guò)程的時(shí)空演化規(guī)律進(jìn)行了分析。結(jié)果表明:“7〖DK〗·21”特大暴雨期間,全市累積降雨量大于100 mm的站數(shù)達(dá)到211個(gè),占全部測(cè)站數(shù)的92%,96個(gè)站累積雨量大于200 mm,12個(gè)站大于300 mm;多數(shù)地區(qū)降雨時(shí)長(zhǎng)超過(guò)16 h,密云大成子站降水時(shí)間最長(zhǎng),達(dá)到20 h,強(qiáng)降雨時(shí)長(zhǎng)在西南房山和門頭溝最大;最大小時(shí)雨強(qiáng)中心出現(xiàn)在東北和西南區(qū)域,東北部最大雨強(qiáng)中心較突出;平均雨強(qiáng)高值階段出現(xiàn)在21日18:00—21:00,其中19 :00雨強(qiáng)最大,達(dá)到22 mm/h,但最大雨強(qiáng)在70 mm/h以上的高強(qiáng)度降雨發(fā)生在21日13:00—14:00(門頭溝龍泉站)和19:00—22:00,20:00—21:00平谷掛甲峪站高達(dá)1003 mm/h;城區(qū)及其附近地帶20 mm以上量級(jí)的小時(shí)降雨強(qiáng)度較大,同時(shí)傍晚階段平均累積雨量增長(zhǎng)速率快,平均小時(shí)降水強(qiáng)度偏大;房山站21日雨量位居1961年以來(lái)逐年最大日降水量第2位,僅次于1979年7月18日降雨量,而全市15站平均21日雨量打破了1961年以來(lái)的最大日降水量記錄,比處于第2位的1963年8月9日平均雨量高出43 mm。

    Abstract:

    Based on the high density precipitation data of automatic weather stations (AWS), the spatial temporal characteristics of extremely intensive precipitation on 21and 22 July 2012 over the Beijing area are analyzed. The results show that during the rainstorm, there were 211 stations recorded greater than 100 mm cumulative rainfall except for Yanqing Station, 96 stations recorded greater than 200 mm cumulative precipitation, and 12 stations greater than 300 mm. In most regions, the durations of precipitation were above 16 hours, with the largest in the southwestern Beijing, and the secondary in the northeast of Beijing. The average precipitation intensity exceeded 16 mm/h in Fangshan, and 14 mm/h in northeastern parts of the urban zone, in spite of the fact that precipitation intensities were less than 6 mm/h in the mountains of the north and northwest. The maximum hourly precipitation intensity was found in the northeast of Beijing and the second in the southwest. The larger average precipitation intensities occurred during 18:00〖KG-*3〗〖CD*2/3〗〖KG-*9〗21:00 of 21 July, with the maximum of 22 mm/h recorded at 19:00 Abnormally strong precipitation intensities of more than 70 mm/h appeared during 19:00〖KG-*3〗〖CD*2/3〗〖KG-*9〗22:00 over the whole city and 13:00〖KG-*3〗〖CD*2/3〗〖KG-*9〗14:00 at Longquan Station. The analysis also shows that the 24 h maximum precipitation of Fangshan on 21 July 2012 ranks the second for the time period of 1961 to 2012 The average 24 h maximum precipitation of 15 stations broke the record of Beijing since 1961, much larger than the second (9 August 1963).

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尤煥苓,任國(guó)玉,吳方,劉偉東,楊萍.北京“7〖DK〗·21”特大暴雨過(guò)程時(shí)空特征解析[J].氣象科技,2014,42(5):856~864

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  • 收稿日期:2013-10-08
  • 定稿日期:2014-03-10
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2014-10-30
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