According to the observation data of temperature in Shandong Province, using the data of population grid, land use, and night lights comprehensively, the urban and rural stations are divided. The method of comparative analysis based on the observation data is used to study the influence of urbanization on extreme temperature events in Shandong Province. The results show that: (1) Under the push of urbanization, warm events (except the warm night days) increase, while cold events decrease. The contribution rate of warm index to urbanization impact is 40.66% (high temperature), 19.32% (warm day), 1.02% (warm night), and the urbanization impact contribution rate of cold index is 2.31% (low temperature), 5.72% (cold day), 5.55% (cold night), respectively. The contribution to urbanization impact of warm events (except the warm night days) is greater than that of the cold events; in addition, the contribution of extreme temperature indices calculated by the highest temperature is greater. (2)Urbanization strengthens the average field intensity of warm extreme events. The scopes of the equalstrength warm events become more widely than before, but the intensity and scope of cold events are contrary to the performance of warm events under the influence of urbanization. Urbanization prompts the space difference of the average field distributions of extreme warm and cold events more significantly than before. (3) Urbanization may lead to the variation of mutation time, 1 to 3 years earlier, of extreme temperature indexes. (4) Urbanization may affect the duration of extreme temperature events, especially the index associated with the highest temperature. (5) The asymmetrical influence of urbanization between extreme temperature indexes is of complex and diversity.