貴州年最大小時(shí)雨強(qiáng)時(shí)空分布變化特征
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Spatiotemporal Characteristics and Variation Trends of Annual Maximum Rainfall Intensity in Guizhou
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    摘要:

    應(yīng)用貴州現(xiàn)有自記降水、自動(dòng)降水觀測資料,統(tǒng)計(jì)分析了貴州1954—2017年國家氣象站累年最大小時(shí)雨強(qiáng)、年最大小時(shí)雨強(qiáng)的時(shí)空分布特征,1968—2017年50年年最大小時(shí)雨強(qiáng)變化。結(jié)果表明,貴州年最大小時(shí)雨強(qiáng)分布于13.6~117.4 mm〖DK〗·h-1之間,累年最大小時(shí)雨強(qiáng)在53.0~117.4mm〖DK〗·h-1之間。貴州西南部、中西部、東北部,東南部都出現(xiàn)了小時(shí)最大雨強(qiáng)100 mm〖DK〗·h-1以上的區(qū)域,西南部為小時(shí)雨強(qiáng)最強(qiáng)區(qū)域。貴州強(qiáng)降雨3—11月均有發(fā)生,集中出現(xiàn)在5—8月,6月強(qiáng)降雨最多,貴州強(qiáng)降雨具有明顯的夜發(fā)性特征,出現(xiàn)時(shí)間集中于午夜前后2 h左右,前半夜多于后半夜,午間時(shí)間是出現(xiàn)最少時(shí)段。貴州小時(shí)雨強(qiáng)增大與減小趨勢都不明顯,在東南面、南部、西部有弱增大趨勢,東北和西北面呈弱減小趨勢。

    Abstract:

    Based on the existing data of selfrecorded and automatic precipitation in Guizhou, the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of the annual maximum rainfall intensity, the maximum rainfall intensity during 1954-2017 in national meteorological stations in Guizhou, and the variation trends of rain intensity from 1968 to 2017 are statistically analyzed. The results show that the annual rain intensity in Guizhou was between 13.6 mm to 117.4 mm per hour, and the maximum of the years in Guizhou was between 53.0 mm to 117.4 mm per hour. The hourly maximum rainfall intensity in the southwest, midwest, northeast, and southeast areas were all over 100 mm per hour. The southwest had the strongest rainfall intensity. The heavy rainfall in Guizhou occurred from March to November, mainly between May and August, while the heaviest rainfall happened in June. The heavy rainfall in Guizhou was characterized by obvious night occurrence, usually around 02:00 at midnight, more in the first half of the night than in the second half. The occurrence frequency at noontime was the least. The increase/decrease trend of rain intensity in Guizhou was not obvious, with the slight increases in southeast, south and west, and the slight decreases in northeast and northwest.

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吳興洋,蘭方信,李從英,支亞京.貴州年最大小時(shí)雨強(qiáng)時(shí)空分布變化特征[J].氣象科技,2020,48(5):723~730

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  • 收稿日期:2019-07-22
  • 定稿日期:2019-10-29
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2020-10-26
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