Meteorological observation data are usually uploaded through the wired broadband of the internal network, but when the wired line is blocked due to equipment failure, human or natural factors, an emergency communication is needed to replace the internal network communication. In addition, due to the lack of fault warning mechanisms such as network disconnection, power or software failure in meteorological observation stations, the fault processing cycle is long, which affects the transmission quality of observation data. In view of the risk of meteorological observation stations, this paper designs and develops a 5Gbased meteorological data backup transmission and monitoring alarm system, which has the functions of network communication monitoring, data automatic transmission, software status monitoring, various information prompts, fault alarm, etc., can improve the reliability of data transmission of meteorological observation stations to a certain extent, and reduce the timeconsuming of the fault removal process for the technical personnel, so as to improve the quality of meteorological information transmission.