Based on the realtime operational data, positioning data and observation data of the domestic marine meteorological drifting buoys, an operational assessment method with Effective-Lifetime (E_L), File Receiving rate (F_R), Data to Reporting rate (D_R) and Data Availability (D_A) as the main indicators is established. The evaluation results of buoy deployment in the western Pacific Ocean in 2017 show that the buoy drifting speed is a key indicator to reflect the effective life of the instrument. The E_L of the four sets of buoys are 193.8 h, 837.8 h, 330.8 h and 2766.9 h, and the F_R and D_R during the effective lifetime are 79.86% and 98.74%, 97.37% and 99.88%, 94.65% and 100%, 65.45% and 89.66%, respectively. TheD_A is 98.90%, 99.68%, 98.31%, and 60.14%, as verified by the buoy operational state parameter impact analysis and quality control algorithm. The buoy solar charging module can increase the working life of the buoy to some extent, but it cannot stop the power loss. The predicted results of the power supply voltage change trend show that the buoy’s working life is from 5550 to 8400 h, which meets the design index.