重慶兩場森林火災蔓延特征的數(shù)值模擬
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國家重點研發(fā)計劃(2022YFC3003004)、國家重點研發(fā)計劃(2020YFC1511602)、中國氣象局創(chuàng)新發(fā)展專項(CXFZ2023P066)、中國氣象局公共氣象服務中心創(chuàng)新基金項目(Y2022007)共同資助


Numerical Simulation Study on Spread Characteristics of Two Wildfires in Chongqing
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    摘要:

    為了深入認識同時段內發(fā)生的兩場森林火災蔓延特征以及大氣、地形等對不同林火行為的影響,進而為多起林火撲滅火工作提供科學支撐,選取 2022年8月17日發(fā)生在涪陵兩場森林火災,利用高分辨率地理信息、植被數(shù)據和氣象數(shù)據對兩場林火行為進行分析研究,同時運用林火-大氣耦合WRFFire(Weather Research and Forecasting Model with Fire Module)模式進行數(shù)值模擬。研究發(fā)現(xiàn):①受深厚高壓控制,兩場林火是在持續(xù)高溫、干燥背景下發(fā)生的,氣象干旱等級達到重旱,火險氣象等級高。②模式模擬風向風速變化與實況較為一致,基本體現(xiàn)出火場風向和風速突變,表明WRFFire模式可以較準確地再現(xiàn)火場蔓延情況。③基于林火蔓延特征時間和空間變化可將大梁山林火發(fā)展分為6個階段、北山坪林火分為4個階段,造成直線距離相隔4.4 km兩個火場蔓延發(fā)展程度不同的原因在于地形差異造成的局地風場差異。

    Abstract:

    In order to gain a deep understanding of the spread characteristics of two wildfires that occur simultaneously, as well as the impact of atmosphere, terrain, and other factors on different wildfire behaviours, and to provide scientific support for extinguishing multiple wildfires. Two wildfires that occurred in Fuling on August 17, 2022 are selected to analyse and study the behaviour of the two wildfires using highresolution geographic information, vegetation data, and meteorological observations. At the same time, numerical simulation is conducted using the wildfireatmosphere coupled WRFFire model (Weather Research and Forecasting Model with Fire Module). The research results are found as follows. (1) Under the control of deep and high pressure, the two wildfires break out under the background of continuous high temperature and dryness. Ten days before the wildfire, the daily average temperature is 5.2-8.8 ℃ higher than the same period as usual, the daily maximum temperature is 6.2-8.4 ℃ higher than the same period as usual, and the daily average relative humidity is 26.3% lower than the same period as usual. The drought meteorological level reaches severe drought, and the fire risk meteorological level is high or extremely high. (2) The test results show that the simulated wind direction and wind speed changes of the model are relatively consistent with the actual situation, basically reflecting the sudden changes in wind direction and wind speed of the fire site, indicating that the WRFFire can accurately reproduce the spread of multiple real fire sites at the same time. (3) The analysis of temporal and spatial changes in wildfires spread characteristics indicates that the wildfire development in Daliangshan can be divided into 6 stages during this simulation phase, and the wildfire in Beishanping can be divided into 4 stages. The main reason for the difference in the spread and development of the two fires with a linear distance of 4.4 km is the difference in local wind fields caused by differences in terrain. There is a southwestnortheast trumpetshaped terrain on the south side of the Daliangshan fire site. After passing through this terrain, southerly winds form a significant convergence on the northeast side. Therefore, during the northward spread and development of the fire site, the fire on the east side is greater than that on the west side. The terrain on the west side of the Beishanping fire site is higher than that on the east side. As the southerly wind advances northward, it forms convergence in front of the mountain. Therefore, during some periods, the fire is stronger on the west side of the fire site in front of the mountain.

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王宇虹,陳仲榆,楊曉丹,趙魯強,袁曉玉,梁莉.重慶兩場森林火災蔓延特征的數(shù)值模擬[J].氣象科技,2024,52(2):205~217

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  • 收稿日期:2023-03-23
  • 定稿日期:2023-11-14
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2024-04-29
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