一次致災(zāi)超級單體雹暴過程數(shù)值模擬和發(fā)展機(jī)制分析
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Numerical Modeling of a Disastrous Supercell Hailstorm and Analysis on Its Developing Mechanism
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    摘要:

    利用高分辨率中尺度數(shù)值模式WRF,模擬了2019年3月21日發(fā)生在浙江省的一次大范圍致災(zāi)超級單體雹暴過程,結(jié)合多普勒雷達(dá)探測產(chǎn)品,分析了風(fēng)暴的雷達(dá)回波結(jié)構(gòu)、流場結(jié)構(gòu)、各類水成物等特征及其演變,并探究冰雹形成的物理機(jī)制。結(jié)果表明:此次雹暴過程是在高空急流軸右側(cè)和低層切變線相重疊的區(qū)域發(fā)生和發(fā)展的,強(qiáng)垂直風(fēng)切變有利于雹暴的維持和發(fā)展。實(shí)況超級單體雹暴在雷達(dá)回波上呈現(xiàn)出鉤狀回波、持久深厚的中氣旋、典型的高懸強(qiáng)回波、有界弱回波區(qū)和三體散射現(xiàn)象。模擬試驗(yàn)成功地模擬出了雹暴云團(tuán)的水平演變和垂直結(jié)構(gòu)特征。合適的0 ℃和-20 ℃高度以及-20~0 ℃層厚度有利于雹粒的增長。雹粒子主要由云水、過冷雨水和雪粒子轉(zhuǎn)化形成,再通過碰并過冷云水、冰晶、雪粒子而不斷增長。

    Abstract:

    A widerange disastrous supercell hailstorm occurred in Zhejiang Province on 21 March 2019 is simulated by using the highresolution mesoscale WRF model. Combined with Doppler radar detection products, the characteristics of radar echo structure, flow field structure, hydrometeors and their evolutions are analyzed, and the physical mechanism of hail formation is explored. The results show that the hailstorm occurred and developed in the area where the right side of the highlevel jet axis overlapped with the lowlevel shear line. Strong vertical wind shear contributes to its maintenance and development. The supercell hailstorm exhibits typical characteristics of hook echo, longlasting deep mesocyclone, strong hanging echo, bounded weak echo area, and strong threebody scattering on radar echoes. The simulation experiment successfully simulated the horizontal evolution and vertical structure of the hailstorm clouds. Suitable layer heights of 0 ℃ and -20 ℃, as well as an appropriate thickness of the 0 ℃ to -20 ℃ layer, are conducive to the growth of hail particles. Hail particles are mainly transformed from cloud water, supercooled rain water and snow particles and then continue to grow by collisioncoalescing with supercooled cloud water, ice crystals and snow particles.

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吳福浪,楊麗敏,蔣迪,陶俞鋒,陳九齡.一次致災(zāi)超級單體雹暴過程數(shù)值模擬和發(fā)展機(jī)制分析[J].氣象科技,2021,49(1):86~94

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  • 收稿日期:2020-01-01
  • 定稿日期:2020-05-18
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2021-03-04
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